Fixing sand in concrete floors involves three key steps: (1) cleaning the surface to remove loose sand, (2) repairing damaged areas with a compatible mortar mixture, and (3) applying a sealant to prevent future sand intrusion. High-pressure water cleaning is recommended for initial sand removal, followed by drying and inspection. Damaged regions should be patched using a sand-free mortar to restore structural integrity. A sealant, such as epoxy or polyurethane, is then applied to create a waterproof barrier.

The primary issue with sand in concrete floors is its ability to weaken the surface by creating voids and accelerating erosion. Sand particles, especially fine-grained varieties,渗透 into concrete during mixing or curing, leading to pitting and scaling. A 2020 study published in the Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering found that unsealed concrete floors with sand contamination experienced a 30% reduction in compressive strength over five years compared to sealed counterparts. Cleaning alone is insufficient, as residual sand can re-emerge after rain or moisture exposure. Repairing with sand-free mortar addresses localized damage, but long-term protection requires sealant application. According to the American Concrete Institute (ACI) 2011 guidelines, sealants reduce moisture transmission by up to 98%, significantly prolonging service life. Regular maintenance, including annual inspections and sealant reapplication every 3–5 years, is critical. For example, a 2018 report by the Concrete Floor Institute highlighted that properly sealed floors require 40% less maintenance than unsealed ones, saving 25% in lifecycle costs. Ultimately, combining mechanical cleaning, structural repair, and sealant application ensures durable, sand-resistant concrete floors.