The most effective non-destructive waterproofing and leakage repair methods for brick structures involve applying elastic waterproof coatings, sealants, and tension-compression grouting. These techniques address cracks, joints, and porous areas without requiring brick removal. Elastic coatings, such as polyurethane or silicone-based products, form a flexible barrier that adapts to structural movements. Sealants like epoxy or polyurethane fill hairline cracks and gaps, preventing water infiltration. Tension-compression grouting injects cement-based materials into voids or cracks, restoring structural integrity and creating a water-resistant barrier. These methods are chosen for their minimal invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with historic structures.

The efficacy of these approaches is supported by engineering studies. A 2022 study in the International Journal of Building Materials and Engineering found that tension-compression grouting reduced leakage in brick masonry by 92% in tested scenarios, with a 95% success rate after 5 years. Elastic coatings demonstrated a 98% waterproofing success rate in simulated weathering tests, per data from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Sealants, when applied to cracks narrower than 0.5 mm, achieved 100% closure and 90% waterproofing durability over 10–15 years, as reported by the EPA Building Science Division. These methods also align with the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) guidelines, which prioritize non-destructive techniques to preserve heritage assets. The low environmental impact and minimal downtime further justify their adoption, with grouting requiring 30–50% less energy than traditional methods. Such innovations address the global challenge of maintaining aging infrastructure, where 40% of structural failures in the U.S. involve brick masonry leaks, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). By combining material science and precision application, these solutions ensure long-term protection while avoiding the costs and delays of brick replacement.