Toilet tank water overflow and leakage are common issues caused by faulty components like a malfunctioning float mechanism, clogged overflow tube, or cracked tank bolts. Addressing these problems involves inspecting and replacing damaged parts, ensuring the float arm is properly adjusted, and sealing gaps around the tank.

Water overflow occurs when the float fails to shut off the fill valve, allowing excess water to flow into the overflow tube. Leakage typically stems from cracked tank bolts, worn gaskets, or cracks in the tank itself. According to the National Association of Home Inspectors (NAHI), 40% of toilet overflows are due to float mechanism malfunctions, while 30% result from blocked overflow tubes. Additionally, a 2022 study by the American Water Works Association found that 25% of household leaks originate in toilet tanks, often from loose bolts or worn internal seals. These issues can waste 200–300 gallons of water monthly, contributing to high utility bills and potential water damage. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning mineral deposits from the overflow tube and adjusting the float height, reduces risks. For severe cases, professional repair or replacement is recommended to avoid long-term structural damage. Environmental factors like hard water accelerate mineral buildup, exacerbating overflow risks. Proactive inspection every 6–12 months and using water-saving models can mitigate these problems effectively.