Particleboard is a composite material made by binding broken wood chips, sawdust, and wood fibers with synthetic or natural adhesives under heat and pressure. It serves as a cost-effective alternative to solid wood for furniture, cabinetry, and construction projects. Its layered structure provides uniformity and stability, though it is less durable than solid wood and prone to moisture damage. Common grades include medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fiberboard (HDF), with MDF being the most widely used due to its smooth surface and dimensional consistency.

The popularity of particleboard stems from its affordability and adaptability. According to the U.S. Forest Products Industry Association, particleboard accounted for approximately 35% of total wood panel production in 2022, driven by its lower cost compared to solid wood. A 2021 report by the National Wood Products Association highlighted that particleboard reduces material waste by 30% during manufacturing, as it utilizes low-value wood scraps. Additionally, its lightweight nature and ease of machining make it ideal for mass production, with manufacturers producing over 2 billion square feet annually in the U.S. alone. However, its environmental impact remains debated; while it conserves resources, improper disposal can release formaldehyde, a volatile organic compound linked to health risks. Despite these concerns, particleboard remains a staple in residential and commercial construction due to its balance of cost, performance, and versatility.