Boiler oil, also known as heavy fuel oil or bunker C, is a type of fuel oil used primarily in industrial and marine applications. It is a byproduct of the crude oil refining process and is characterized by its high viscosity and high sulfur content. Boiler oil is used in boilers to generate steam, which is then used for heating, power generation, and other industrial processes. The primary reason for its use is its high energy content, which makes it an efficient fuel choice for large-scale operations.

The demand for boiler oil is driven by several factors. Firstly, its high energy density makes it a cost-effective fuel option for industries that require large amounts of heat or power. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), in 2020, the United States consumed approximately 1.5 million barrels of distillate fuel oil per day, which includes boiler oil. Secondly, boiler oil is widely used in the marine industry due to its availability and compatibility with existing ship engines. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has reported that the global demand for bunker fuel, which includes boiler oil, is expected to grow by 1.5% annually through 2025.

However, the use of boiler oil is not without its drawbacks. The high sulfur content of boiler oil contributes to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which are significant contributors to climate change. In response to these environmental concerns, the United States has implemented regulations to reduce sulfur emissions from boilers. For instance, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers and process heaters. These regulations require the use of low-sulfur fuels or the installation of pollution control technologies to reduce emissions.

The transition to cleaner fuels, such as natural gas or biofuels, is also a growing trend in the boiler oil market. According to a report by Grand View Research, the global boiler fuel market is expected to reach $24.3 billion by 2025, driven by the increasing demand for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solutions. As industries and governments continue to prioritize sustainability, the demand for cleaner boiler fuels is likely to increase, further impacting the market for traditional boiler oil.