The primary tools used to polish stones include polishing machines, polishing pads, polishing compounds, and buffing wheels. Polishing machines are essential for achieving a smooth and shiny finish on stones. They come in various types, such as rotary polishers, orbital polishers, and multi-head polishers. Polishing pads are attached to these machines and are available in different grades of grit to remove scratches and achieve the desired level of shine. Polishing compounds are applied to the pads to enhance the polishing process, while buffing wheels are used for the final stage of polishing to create a high-gloss finish.

The use of these tools is crucial for the polishing process due to several reasons. Firstly, polishing machines provide consistent pressure and speed, which are essential for achieving a uniform finish on stones. According to a study by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the use of polishing machines can significantly improve the surface finish quality of stones (ASTM, 2019). Secondly, polishing pads with varying grit levels allow for the gradual removal of surface imperfections, starting with coarse grits for initial shaping and finishing with fine grits for a smooth, polished surface. This method ensures that the stone's natural beauty is preserved while enhancing its appearance. Lastly, the application of polishing compounds and buffing wheels helps to achieve a high-gloss finish, which is often desired for decorative purposes.

In conclusion, the tools used to polish stones, such as polishing machines, pads, compounds, and wheels, are essential for achieving a smooth, shiny finish. These tools work together to remove surface imperfections, preserve the stone's natural beauty, and create a high-gloss finish. The use of these tools is supported by research from the ASTM, which highlights the importance of proper polishing techniques for achieving high-quality stone finishes.