An electric fan rotates through the interaction of an electric motor and its components. The process begins when electricity is supplied to the motor, typically through a power source like a wall outlet. This electricity flows through the motor's windings, creating a magnetic field. The motor consists of a stator, which is the stationary part with the windings, and a rotor, which is the rotating part. When the magnetic field interacts with the rotor's magnets, it causes the rotor to spin. This spinning motion is then transferred to the fan's blades, which push air and create a breeze. The speed of rotation is controlled by the motor's design and the voltage applied to it.

The efficiency and performance of an electric fan are influenced by various factors, including the motor design and the quality of the components. For instance, a permanent magnet brushless motor is commonly used in modern fans due to its high efficiency and quiet operation. According to a study by the U.S. Department of Energy, permanent magnet brushless motors can achieve efficiencies of up to 90%, which is significantly higher than traditional induction motors. The design of the motor, including the number of poles and the arrangement of the magnets, plays a crucial role in determining the fan's performance. Additionally, the quality of the fan's blades and the aerodynamic design can affect the air flow and the overall effectiveness of the fan.