To store and handle oranges effectively, it is crucial to maintain their freshness and prevent spoilage. Here's a concise guide:

1. Temperature: Store oranges in a cool, dry place with temperatures between 45°F to 55°F (7°C to 13°C). This range helps slow down the ripening process and preserves their quality.

2. Humidity: Keep oranges in a well-ventilated area with moderate humidity, around 60% to 70%. High humidity can lead to mold growth, while low humidity can cause the oranges to dry out.

3. Avoid Direct Sunlight: Direct sunlight can cause the oranges to overripen and spoil faster. Place them in a spot that is shaded or away from windows.

4. Separation: Store oranges separately from strong-smelling foods to prevent absorption of odors.

5. Check Regularly: Inspect the oranges regularly for signs of spoilage, such as mold, soft spots, or discoloration. Remove any damaged fruit immediately to prevent the spread of decay.

6. Ripening: If you need to ripen oranges, place them in a paper bag with a banana or apple. These fruits emit ethylene gas, which accelerates the ripening process.

The importance of proper storage and handling of oranges is underscored by data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). According to a study published in the Journal of Food Protection, improper storage can lead to a significant reduction in the shelf life of oranges. The study found that storing oranges at temperatures above 70°F (21°C) can halve their shelf life, while maintaining optimal humidity levels can extend it by up to 50%. Additionally, the study highlighted that ethylene gas emitted by certain fruits can accelerate the ripening process, making it essential to store oranges separately to prevent premature spoilage.