Mahogany is generally lighter than ebony.

Mahogany, a popular hardwood, typically has a density ranging from 0.45 to 0.65 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³), depending on the species and the specific region it is sourced from. On the other hand, ebony, known for its rich black color and exceptional hardness, has a much higher density, usually ranging from 0.95 to 1.15 g/cm³. This significant difference in density is due to the differing chemical compositions and cellular structures of the two woods.

The higher density of ebony is a result of its tight grain and the presence of a large number of hard, dark-colored cells called tyloses. These tyloses are a defensive mechanism of the tree, which helps to prevent the spread of pathogens. The presence of these cells contributes to ebony's hardness and weight. Mahogany, while still a dense wood, does not have the same concentration of these cells, leading to a lower density and, consequently, a lighter weight.

In terms of practical applications, the weight difference between mahogany and ebony can be significant. For example, a piece of furniture made entirely of ebony will be heavier than an identical piece made of mahogany. This is particularly relevant in the construction of musical instruments, where the weight of the instrument can affect its playability and the sound it produces. Ebony is often used for the fretboards and bridges of guitars and pianos due to its density and durability, while mahogany is more commonly used for the bodies and necks of these instruments.

In conclusion, ebony is heavier than mahogany due to its higher density, which is a result of its chemical composition and cellular structure. This difference in weight is a factor to consider in various applications, from furniture construction to musical instrument making.