Elm wood is generally harder than oak wood. This conclusion is based on the Janka hardness scale, which measures the resistance of wood to indentation. Elm wood typically ranges from 1,450 to 1,700 pounds per square inch (psi) on the Janka scale, while oak wood ranges from 1,290 to 1,360 psi. The higher the Janka rating, the harder the wood. Elm's higher rating indicates that it is more resistant to wear and tear, making it a preferred choice for furniture, flooring, and construction projects where durability is a priority. Additionally, elm's hardness is attributed to its dense grain structure, which contributes to its strength and longevity.