In the United States, noise management is primarily handled by a combination of federal, state, and local government agencies, as well as private entities. The Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plays a significant role in setting noise standards and providing guidance on noise control. Additionally, state and local governments enforce noise regulations and may have their own specific noise control measures. Private entities, such as manufacturers and developers, are also responsible for managing noise within their operations and projects.

The EPA's Noise Control Act of 1972 established the framework for federal noise control policies. This act authorizes the EPA to set noise standards for various sources, including industrial, transportation, and construction activities. The EPA also provides technical assistance and information to help reduce noise levels. State and local governments often adopt and enforce their own noise regulations, which may be more stringent than federal standards. For example, some cities have noise ordinances that restrict noise levels during certain hours or in specific areas.

The importance of noise management in the United States is underscored by the significant health and quality of life impacts associated with excessive noise. According to the EPA, noise pollution can lead to hearing loss, sleep disturbances, cardiovascular problems, and reduced productivity. In 2019, the EPA reported that approximately 30 million Americans were exposed to noise levels that could cause hearing loss. This highlights the need for effective noise management strategies.

One reason for the comprehensive approach to noise management in the United States is the diverse range of noise sources and the varying levels of noise sensitivity across different populations. For instance, noise from transportation, such as aircraft, road traffic, and rail, is a significant concern in urban areas. In contrast, noise from industrial sources, such as manufacturing and construction, can be a concern in both urban and rural settings. The EPA's National Environmental Noise Curriculum (NENC) provides educational resources to help communities understand the impacts of noise and develop strategies for noise reduction.

Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) further supports the need for noise management. A 2016 study found that noise exposure was associated with increased blood pressure and heart rate, indicating potential cardiovascular risks. Additionally, the American Academy of Audiology estimates that approximately 15% of Americans have some level of hearing loss, with noise exposure being a leading cause.

In conclusion, noise management in the United States is a multifaceted issue involving federal, state, and local governments, as well as private entities. The EPA plays a central role in setting noise standards and providing guidance, while state and local governments enforce regulations. The need for noise management is driven by the health and quality of life impacts of noise pollution, as evidenced by data on hearing loss, cardiovascular risks, and productivity.