Particleboard is a composite material made by compressing wood chips, sawdust, or other lignocellulosic fibers bound with synthetic or natural adhesives under heat and pressure. It serves as a cost-effective substrate for furniture, cabinetry, and construction projects due to its uniformity, strength-to-weight ratio, and ability to accept surface finishes.

The popularity of particleboard stems from its affordability and adaptability. According to the American Forest & Paper Association, particleboard accounted for approximately 15% of total U.S. wood panel production in 2022, with annual consumption exceeding 2 billion square feet for furniture manufacturing alone. Its low density compared to solid wood reduces material costs, while additives like formaldehyde-based resins enhance durability. However, environmental concerns persist. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that particleboard contributes significantly to indoor air pollution due to formaldehyde emissions, particularly in low-quality products. A 2021 study by the Journal of Environmental Health found that 30% of formaldehyde exposure in residential settings originated from composite wood products like particleboard. Despite this, advancements in non-formaldehyde adhesives and stricter regulatory standards under the Formaldehyde emission standards (TSCA Title VI) have improved its sustainability profile, driving continued demand in the $10 billion U.S. wood panel market.