Assessing house layout and orientation involves evaluating natural light, ventilation, space efficiency, and alignment with cardinal directions. Key considerations include the distribution of living areas, access to windows, and proximity to functional zones like kitchens and bedrooms. South-facing orientations are ideal for maximizing passive solar gain and natural light, while north-facing homes may require more artificial lighting. Layouts should prioritize open floor plans, logical flow between rooms, and storage solutions to minimize clutter.

The importance of these factors stems from their direct impact on energy efficiency, comfort, and property value. A south-facing orientation can reduce heating and cooling costs by up to 20%, as shown in a 2020 study by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Homes with optimal layouts, such as those with a kitchen near the entrance and bedrooms in quieter, north-facing areas, often command higher resale prices. A 2021 National Association of Realtors report found that 68% of buyers prioritize homes with natural light and functional layouts, with south-facing homes listed 15% above average market prices. Additionally, poor ventilation and inefficient layouts can increase indoor air pollution, as noted in an EPA study linking suboptimal airflow to higher concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) recommends 10-15 air changes per hour in living spaces, achievable through strategic window placement and room orientation. Together, these elements create a healthier, more energy-efficient living environment while enhancing long-term property value.