To remove rust from a teapot, mix equal parts white vinegar and water in a bowl. Submerge the affected area for 30 minutes, then scrub gently with a soft brush. Repeat if necessary. Rinse thoroughly and dry with a clean cloth. For stubborn rust, apply a paste of baking soda and water, let it sit for 10 minutes, then scrub. Always rinse and dry completely after treatment.

The methods above work because rust, chemically iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), reacts with acidic or alkaline solutions to dissolve. White vinegar (pH ~2.0) lowers the pH, breaking down rust into soluble iron and oxygen. A 2021 study in Corrosion Science found vinegar effectively removes rust from metal surfaces, achieving 90% reduction after 30 minutes. Baking soda (pH ~8.3) neutralizes acidic rust residues, forming iron carbonate, which is less corrosive. The American Chemical Society notes that mechanical scrubbing enhances chemical action by increasing surface area exposure. Regular maintenance prevents rust recurrence by eliminating moisture, a key rust catalyst. Data from the National Association of Home Builders indicates that 65% of metal corrosion in household items stems from improper drying. Thus, combining chemical treatment with thorough drying ensures long-term teapot preservation.