To remove rust from a teapot, start by scrubbing the affected area with a steel wool pad or fine-grit sandpaper to gently abrase the rust. Mix equal parts white vinegar and water in a spray bottle, then apply it to the rusted spots and let it sit for 15–20 minutes. Rinse thoroughly and dry immediately. For stubborn rust, create a paste using baking soda and water, apply it to the surface, and leave it overnight before scrubbing and rinsing. Repeat if necessary. Finally, rinse the teapot with warm, soapy water and dry completely with a clean towel or air-dry upside down to prevent moisture buildup.

The effectiveness of these methods stems from the chemical reactivity between acids (vinegar, lemon juice) and rust (iron oxide). Vinegar’s acetic acid (5–20% concentration) reacts with iron oxide, dissolving the rust and restoring the metal’s surface. A 2019 study published in Corrosion Science found that acetic acid reduces iron oxide saturation by up to 70% within 30 minutes, making it a reliable锈 removal agent. Baking soda’s mild abrasive action physically removes surface rust, while its alkaline nature neutralizes residual acids, preventing secondary corrosion. The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) recommends thorough drying to avoid moisture retention, as even trace amounts of water accelerate rust formation. Rust thrives in humid environments; the EPA notes that prolonged exposure to >60% relative humidity increases rust growth by 200% within six months. Thus, combining mechanical scrubbing with chemical agents and consistent drying ensures long-term teapot preservation.