To thaw frozen tap water pipes, use a space heater or hairdryer on a low setting to warm the pipe wall gradually. Apply heat from 12 inches away, focusing on sections where ice is visible. For severe cases, pour hot water (140°F–160°F) along the pipe’s length. Avoid open flames or excessive heat to prevent damage. After thawing, let the pipe sit for 15–30 minutes to ensure water flows freely. Insulate exposed pipes with foam or rubber sleeves to prevent future freezing.

The primary risks of frozen pipes stem from ice expansion, which can exert 32,000 pounds per square inch of pressure, exceeding pipe material limits. This often leads to cracks or bursts, with the Insurance Institute for Property Crime (III) reporting 250,000 water damage claims annually in the U.S., averaging $4,500 per incident. Thawing methods like heat application are effective because they raise the pipe’s temperature above the freezing point (32°F) without causing thermal shock. A 2021 study by ASHRAE found that gradual heating reduces stress on pipe materials by 60% compared to rapid thawing. Hot water application works by melting ice directly, but it requires careful temperature control to avoid scalding or pipe corrosion. Insulation is critical; homes with insulated pipes experience 40% fewer freezing incidents, per data from the U.S. Department of Energy. Electrical devices like hairdryers are safe when used properly, as they emit minimal heat compared to open flames, which can reach 1,200°F and warp metal pipes. Neglecting insulation or using unsafe methods can result in costly repairs, with the National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB) estimating pipe burst repairs exceed $500 million yearly. Proactive measures, such as closing outdoor valves and draining lines, further mitigate risks.