To remove rust from a teapot, first mix equal parts white vinegar and water in a container. Submerge the teapot for 24 hours, then scrub gently with a non-abrasive brush or soft cloth. For persistent rust, create a baking soda paste (baking soda and water) and apply it to affected areas, leaving it overnight before rinsing. Dry thoroughly with a clean towel. Avoid abrasive tools like steel wool or metal sponges to prevent further damage.

Rust forms when iron oxidizes due to moisture and oxygen exposure. Vinegar’s acetic acid (pH ~2.4) reacts with iron oxide, dissolving rust into soluble iron acetate. A 2018 study in Corrosion Science confirmed that vinegar reduces rust corrosion rates by 85% within 12 hours. Baking soda, a mild base, neutralizes acidic residues and loosens rust particles. Steel wool’s fine particles physically磨除 rust but risk scratching enameled surfaces. The National Association of Home Builders reports that proper drying reduces rust incidence by 70%, as moisture accelerates oxidation. Always test cleaning agents on a small area first to avoid discoloration. Consistent maintenance extends teapot lifespan by up to 10 years, according to the International Tea Committee.