Stone column and compaction grouting are primary methods for soft foundation treatment in house construction. Stone columns displace weak soil and enhance bearing capacity, while compaction grouting densifies loose soils using slurry injection. Both approaches address settlement and instability caused by soft substrates like silt or clay.

The effectiveness of these methods stems from their ability to modify soil properties. Stone columns, typically installed via rotary drilling, create a grid of cylindrical elements that increase soil stiffness. A 2018 study by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) found stone columns reduced settlement by up to 70% in soft clay foundations, with a 30-50% improvement in load-bearing capacity. Compaction grouting, which injects cement-based slurry under pressure, fills soil voids and compacts particles. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) reports this method boosts bearing capacity by 40-60% in sandy soils, depending on injection depth and slurry density. Cost-effectiveness is a key advantage; stone columns cost $5–15 per square foot, while compaction grouting ranges from $3–10 per square foot, making them accessible for residential projects. Sustainability is also prioritized, as both methods minimize soil removal and reduce long-term maintenance. Data from the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) shows that 65% of new homes in soft-soil regions use such treatments to avoid costly foundation failures. In summary, stone columns and compaction grouting are proven, cost-efficient solutions for stabilizing soft foundations, supported by engineering studies and industry adoption.