To add refrigerant to a refrigerator, first turn off and unplug the unit. Locate the condenser coils on the rear or bottom, then identify the Schrader valve on the refrigerant line. Use a manifold gauge set to check pressure; if below the manufacturer's specified range, attach a refrigerant can to the valve and slowly release gas while monitoring pressure. Ensure proper venting and avoid overfilling, as excess refrigerant can damage the compressor.

The process requires adherence to EPA guidelines to prevent refrigerant leaks, which harm the ozone layer and increase energy costs. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), improper refrigerant handling accounts for 10% of all U.S. refrigerant emissions, costing consumers an average of $200 annually in energy losses and repair expenses. Overfilling refrigerant raises system pressure, straining the compressor and reducing efficiency by up to 15%, as noted in a 2021 study by the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). Additionally, low refrigerant levels lower cooling capacity, leading to prolonged runtime and higher electricity consumption. The EPA mandates recovery equipment for refrigerant handling to minimize environmental impact, with 98% of recovered refrigerants being reused or recycled. Proper refrigerant levels ensure optimal SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) performance, critical for cost savings and compliance with federal standards. Always consult the manufacturer’s manual for refrigerant type and quantity, as incorrect substances can degrade performance or void warranties.