To calculate heating costs in Boston, determine the heating system type (oil, natural gas, electricity, or heat pump), measure energy consumption in BTUs, convert to therms or kilowatt-hours (kWh), multiply by cost per unit, and add fixed fees. For example, an oil-heated home using 800 gallons annually at $3.50/gallon incurs $2,800 in fuel costs. Natural gas users spending 250 therms at $1.20/therm pay $300, while electricity costs for 700 kWh at $0.15/kWh total $105. Include maintenance (5-10% of total) and adjust for weather variations using degree-day indices.

Boston’s harsh winters (average 4,500 degree-days annually) and high energy prices drive costs. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) reports 2023 average heating costs in Boston at $1,200–$1,800, with oil ($3.50/gallon) and natural gas ($1.20/therm) being priciest. Heat pumps, though efficient, require $0.12–$0.18/kWh and work best in milder climates. Local utility data shows electricity costs rose 8% in 2023 due to grid upgrades. Energy Star estimates 10–15% savings with insulation and smart thermostats. Boston’s 2022 average oil consumption was 830 gallons per household, costing $2,905, while gas users spent $300–$400. Climate zones (5A/5B) affect pricing; gas rates are 15% higher in Zone 5B. Proactive maintenance reduces emergency repairs, which can spike bills by 20–30%.