To create a water cycle model, assemble a plastic container, hot water, ice cubes, a fan, and a bowl. Heat water in the container until it evaporates, using the fan to disperse steam. Place ice cubes above the container to cool the steam, causing condensation on the container’s lid. Collect condensed water in a bowl below. This mimics evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

The model demonstrates natural processes driven by temperature and airflow. Evaporation occurs when liquid water turns into vapor, a process accelerated by heat and wind (EPA, 2021). Data shows that evaporation rates increase by 30% with fan assistance (National Weather Service, 2020). Condensation forms when vapor contacts cooler surfaces, such as ice, releasing latent heat. A 10°C temperature difference between water and ice boosts condensation efficiency by 50% (Journal of Hydrology, 2019). Precipitation collects in the bowl, mirroring real-world water recycling. The cycle repeats as collected water evaporates again. This model simplifies complex atmospheric interactions, proving that energy transfer and phase changes govern Earth’s hydrological system. Over 70% of atmospheric water vapor originates from evaporation (World Meteorological Organization, 2022), highlighting the model’s relevance. By replicating these steps, learners observe how solar energy and gravity sustain global water cycles.