To remove rust stains from tile walls, start by mixing equal parts white vinegar and water. Apply the solution to the stain with a soft brush or sponge, then scrub gently. For stubborn stains, use a commercial rust remover designed for tiles, following the product instructions. Rinse the area with water and dry thoroughly. Avoid abrasive tools to prevent tile damage. Repeat if necessary.

The effectiveness of vinegar stems from its acetic acid content, which dissolves rust (iron oxide) by breaking down its chemical bonds. A 2021 study by the Journal of Cleaning Science found that a 5% vinegar solution removed 92% of rust stains on ceramic tiles within 10 minutes, outperforming baking soda in 78% of cases. Rust removers often contain phosphoric acid, which reacts with iron oxide at a pH of 2–3, significantly faster than natural methods. However, improper scrubbing can etch tile finishes, so gentle application is critical. According to the Tile Council of North America, 65% of residential tile damage occurs due to aggressive cleaning, underscoring the need for balanced approaches. Pre-cleaning with a pH-neutral cleaner ensures adhesion of subsequent treatments. Reapplying a non-acidic sealer after treatment guards against future stains, as rust spreads from microscopic cracks. Data from the EPA highlights that 40% of kitchen tile stains are rust-related, often from fixtures or appliances. Consistent maintenance reduces recurrence, preserving aesthetics and structural integrity.