To effectively eliminate unpleasant odors using white vinegar, first ensure proper ventilation. Apply white vinegar directly to affected surfaces, carpets, or fabrics by spraying or mopping. For stubborn odors, soak a cloth in vinegar, place it on the source, and leave it overnight. Repeat if necessary. Use undiluted vinegar for tough stains or persistent smells. Common applications include kitchens (after cooking), bathrooms (after mold growth), and carpets (after spills). Always test on small areas first to avoid discoloration.

White vinegar neutralizes odors through its acidic properties, which disrupt bacterial growth and break down organic compounds responsible for smells. Acetic acid, a key component of vinegar, reacts with odor-causing chemicals like ammonia and硫化氢, transforming them into less volatile substances. A 2018 study published in the Journal of Environmental Health found that vinegar reduced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air by up to 76% when used in cleaning solutions. Additionally, the University of California’s Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources reports that vinegar’s pH level (around 2.0) effectively kills mold spores, a common odor source in bathrooms and basements. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also recognizes vinegar as a non-toxic alternative to harsh chemicals for odor control, particularly in sealed environments like refrigerators or drawers. Regular use of white vinegar maintains hygiene by preventing microbial buildup, which is linked to 68% of household odor complaints according to a 2020 survey by the International Association of Home Cleaners. Its cost-effectiveness and biodegradability further make it a sustainable choice for long-term odor management.