Fire ignition beneath a natural gas stove typically results from gas leaks, ignition sources near the appliance, or equipment malfunction. Gas leaks allow odorless or improperly detected methane to accumulate, while nearby sparks or flames can trigger combustion. Malfunctioning valves or venting systems may also disperse unburned gas near ignition points.

The primary cause is gas leaks, which occur when pipelines, connections, or valves fail. Methane (CH₄), the main component of natural gas, has a high flammability range (5–15%) and can ignite spontaneously near ignition sources. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), gas leaks account for 17% of home fire deaths, often linked to improper installation or aging infrastructure. A 2021 study by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) found that 40% of gas stove fires involved unaddressed leaks, with faulty valves or loose connections as common culprits. Additionally, improper venting allows gas to accumulate in low-lying areas, increasing explosion or fire risks. Static electricity or electrical surges near the stove can also ignite gas vapors. Regular inspections and using leak-detection devices reduce incidents. The NFPA recommends annual professional maintenance and immediate action if a gas smell is detected.