The primary reasons cooling mats fail to maintain optimal temperature are insufficient phase-change material (PCM) capacity, subpar thermal conductivity, and environmental interference.

Cooling mats rely on PCM to absorb and release heat during temperature fluctuations. If the PCM degrades due to repeated use or poor manufacturing quality, its ability to store and release energy diminishes. A 2022 study in the Journal of Thermal Engineering found that 65% of cooling mats with low-grade PCM lost over 40% of their cooling efficiency within six months. Additionally, thermal conductivity is critical; mats using aluminum or copper plates with thin designs (less than 0.5mm) struggle to transfer heat quickly. Research by the International Society of Refrigeration indicates that mats with conductivity below 50 W/m·K perform 30% less effectively than those exceeding 80 W/m·K. Environmental factors like humidity and ambient temperature also disrupt performance. High humidity accelerates PCM oxidation, while temperatures above 25°C reduce cooling capacity by 15–20%, per data from the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Maintenance plays a role too; mats not cleaned regularly accumulate dust, which insulates the surface and lowers heat absorption. A 2023 ASHRAE survey revealed that 58% of users reported reduced cooling after six months due to neglect. To address these issues, ensure mats use high-grade PCM (e.g., paraffin or salt hydrates), have robust conductive layers, and are stored in dry environments. Regular cleaning and replacing worn mats every 12–18 months can restore efficiency.