The Qing Dynasty, spanning from 1644 to 1912, was marked by significant economic development, as evidenced by various indicators. One of the most notable aspects was the expansion of agriculture, which was the backbone of the economy. The implementation of advanced agricultural techniques, such as the use of crop rotation and improved irrigation systems, led to increased crop yields and a stable food supply. This, in turn, supported population growth, which reached an estimated 400 million by the end of the dynasty.

Another key indicator of economic development during the Qing Dynasty was the growth of trade and commerce. The establishment of the Silk Road and other trade routes facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between China and other parts of the world. The dynasty also saw the rise of new industries, including textiles, ceramics, and shipbuilding. The development of these industries was further bolstered by the government's promotion of foreign trade and investment.

Data from the Qing Dynasty's economic records show that the GDP per capita increased significantly during this period. For instance, the GDP per capita in the 18th century was estimated to be around $1,000, which was higher than the GDP per capita in Western Europe at the time. This growth was attributed to the efficient administration of the empire, which allowed for the collection of taxes and the distribution of resources effectively.

Moreover, the Qing Dynasty witnessed the expansion of infrastructure, including the construction of roads, bridges, and canals. These improvements not only facilitated trade but also improved the quality of life for the population. The construction of the Grand Canal, for example, connected the Yellow River to the Yangtze River, thereby enhancing the transportation of goods and people.

However, it is important to note that while the Qing Dynasty experienced significant economic growth, it was not without its challenges. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a decline in economic performance, largely due to external pressures from Western powers and internal conflicts. The Opium Wars, in particular, had a devastating impact on the economy, leading to the loss of territory and resources.

In conclusion, the Qing Dynasty was characterized by robust economic development, as indicated by the expansion of agriculture, growth of trade and commerce, and infrastructure development. The dynasty's economic success was a result of efficient administration, technological advancements, and favorable trade relations. However, the late 19th century saw a decline in economic performance, which laid the groundwork for the eventual fall of the Qing Dynasty.