To judge climate in junior high school geography, students should consider factors such as temperature, precipitation, and seasonal patterns. By analyzing historical weather data, students can identify the typical weather conditions of a region over a year. This involves looking at average monthly temperatures, total annual rainfall, and the distribution of seasons. Additionally, students should understand the influence of latitude, altitude, and proximity to bodies of water on climate. For instance, coastal regions tend to have milder climates due to the moderating effect of the ocean.

The United States, with its diverse geography, exhibits a wide range of climates. The Eastern United States experiences humid subtropical and humid continental climates, characterized by hot summers and cold winters. The Western United States has a Mediterranean climate in the Pacific coastal regions, with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The Southern United States has a humid subtropical climate, while the Northern United States has a humid continental climate. The data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides a comprehensive understanding of these climate patterns. For example, the average annual temperature in New York City is around 50°F (10°C), with a mean annual precipitation of about 40 inches (101 cm). In contrast, Los Angeles has an average annual temperature of 72°F (22°C) and a mean annual precipitation of about 15 inches (38 cm). These differences highlight the importance of considering various climate factors when studying geography in junior high school.