Chemical properties of matter refer to the characteristics that describe how substances interact with other substances to form new substances. These properties include reactivity, flammability, solubility, and toxicity. For instance, the reactivity of a substance can be determined by its ability to undergo chemical reactions, such as oxidation or reduction. Flammability indicates the ease with which a substance can catch fire and burn. Solubility describes how well a substance dissolves in a solvent, while toxicity refers to the potential harm a substance can cause to living organisms.

The chemical properties of matter are influenced by the atomic and molecular structure of the substances. For example, the reactivity of metals is often related to their electron configuration, with metals having a tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions. Non-metals, on the other hand, tend to gain electrons and form negative ions. This electron transfer is the basis for many chemical reactions.

Data from the periodic table can provide insights into the chemical properties of elements. For instance, the halogens (Group 17) are highly reactive due to their strong electron affinity, which is the energy change associated with gaining an electron. This is evident in their ability to form salts with metals, as seen in sodium chloride (NaCl). Additionally, the noble gases (Group 18) are known for their low reactivity because they have a full valence electron shell, making them stable and unreactive under normal conditions.

The solubility of a substance is also a chemical property that can be predicted based on its molecular structure and the nature of the solvent. Polar substances, such as water, tend to dissolve other polar substances, while non-polar substances, like oil, dissolve non-polar substances. This principle is known as "like dissolves like." For example, sugar (a polar molecule) dissolves in water, while oil (a non-polar molecule) does not.

In conclusion, the chemical properties of matter are essential for understanding the behavior of substances in various environments and applications. These properties are determined by the atomic and molecular structure of the substances and can be predicted using data from the periodic table and principles of chemistry.