The 2026 Shanghai high school physical education exam consists of a comprehensive assessment that evaluates students' physical fitness, sports skills, and health knowledge. The exam typically includes a fitness test, individual sports skills assessment, and a health education component. The fitness test measures students' endurance, strength, flexibility, and agility. The individual sports skills assessment evaluates students' proficiency in a variety of sports, such as basketball, volleyball, and swimming. Lastly, the health education component assesses students' understanding of health-related topics and their ability to apply this knowledge in their daily lives.

The reason for this comprehensive approach is rooted in the Shanghai government's commitment to fostering a well-rounded education system that emphasizes physical health alongside academic excellence. According to the Shanghai Education Commission, the physical education exam aims to promote lifelong physical activity and healthy living habits among students. Data from the Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission indicates that the city has seen a significant increase in the overall physical fitness of high school students since the implementation of the exam. For instance, the percentage of students meeting the fitness standards has risen from 60% in 2016 to 80% in 2023. This suggests that the exam is effectively encouraging students to engage in regular physical activity and improve their health outcomes.