In 8th grade physics, students typically learn foundational concepts that build upon their understanding of basic science principles. Specifically, the curriculum covers topics such as motion, forces, energy, and simple machines. Students learn about the laws of motion, including Newton's three laws, and explore the concepts of velocity, acceleration, and gravity. They also study different types of forces, including friction and gravity, and how they affect the motion of objects. Energy is introduced, including potential and kinetic energy, and the conservation of energy. Simple machines, such as levers, pulleys, and inclined planes, are discussed to illustrate the principles of mechanical advantage and efficiency. Additionally, students may explore the properties of matter, including states of matter and the periodic table, and the basics of electricity and circuits.

The emphasis on these topics is due to their foundational nature in the study of physics. According to the National Science Education Standards, 8th-grade students should be able to understand the principles of motion and forces, as well as the conservation of energy. This foundational knowledge is crucial for further study in physics and related fields. Data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) indicates that in 2019, 8th-grade students in the United States scored an average of 152 on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in science, with a focus on understanding the principles of motion and energy. This suggests that the current curriculum aligns with the goals of preparing students for higher-level science education.