As of 2026, the high school entrance exam for junior high students in the United States typically includes a comprehensive set of subjects designed to assess a wide range of academic skills and knowledge. The core subjects taken in this exam are Mathematics, English Language Arts, Science, and Social Studies. Additionally, some schools may include a foreign language or an elective subject as part of the exam.

The inclusion of Mathematics is crucial as it forms the foundation for higher-level mathematics and scientific understanding. English Language Arts is essential for evaluating reading comprehension, writing skills, and critical thinking abilities. Science covers topics in biology, chemistry, and physics, aiming to assess students' understanding of scientific principles and their ability to apply scientific methods. Social Studies encompass history, geography, and government, providing students with a foundational knowledge of civic and historical context.

The rationale behind these subject choices is supported by data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), which indicates that these subjects are foundational for success in higher education and the workforce. For instance, a study by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) found that students who performed well in mathematics and English language arts on the NAEP were more likely to be college-ready. Furthermore, the Common Core State Standards, adopted by most states, emphasize these subjects as critical for preparing students for college and career readiness.

The inclusion of a foreign language is often seen as an elective, but it has gained prominence due to the increasing importance of global communication and cultural understanding in the modern world. The NAEP also reports that students who study a foreign language tend to have higher scores in other subjects and demonstrate better cognitive skills.

In conclusion, the high school entrance exam for junior high students in 2026 focuses on Mathematics, English Language Arts, Science, and Social Studies, with an elective foreign language option. This curriculum is designed to ensure that students are well-prepared for the challenges of higher education and the demands of the modern workforce, as evidenced by educational research and national standards.