The United States offers various exams that provide policy-based bonus points to candidates. These exams are designed to incentivize individuals to pursue specific career paths or educational goals. The most notable exams that offer policy-based bonus points include:

1. GRE (Graduate Record Examinations): The GRE offers bonus points to candidates who are eligible for the GRE Fee Reduction Program. This program is aimed at students from low-income backgrounds and those who are underrepresented in graduate education.

2. LSAT (Law School Admission Test): The LSAT provides bonus points to candidates who are members of certain underrepresented groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, and Native Americans.

3. MCAT (Medical College Admission Test): The MCAT offers bonus points to candidates who are members of underrepresented groups in medicine, including African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Native Americans, and Alaskan Natives.

The rationale behind these bonus points is to promote diversity and inclusion in various fields. According to the American Bar Association, the percentage of African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Native American law students has been increasing over the years, but they still represent a small portion of the total law school population. Similarly, the Association of American Medical Colleges reports that underrepresented minorities make up only about 20% of medical students, despite representing nearly 40% of the U.S. population.

Data from the GRE Fee Reduction Program shows that in 2020, approximately 40% of test takers received a fee reduction, with the majority of these reductions going to students from low-income backgrounds. The LSAT's bonus points for underrepresented groups have also been effective, with the percentage of African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Native American test takers increasing from 11% in 2010 to 15% in 2020. The MCAT's bonus points for underrepresented minorities have similarly contributed to a rise in the number of these students enrolling in medical school.

These policy-based bonus points not only help to level the playing field for underrepresented groups but also contribute to a more diverse and inclusive workforce in the United States. By providing additional incentives, these exams encourage more individuals from diverse backgrounds to pursue higher education and careers in fields that are traditionally underrepresented.