The subjects with a total score in the 2026 Mid-Year Exam in the United States are primarily English Language Arts (ELA), Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies. These subjects are central to the exam due to their emphasis on foundational knowledge and skills essential for academic success.

The inclusion of these subjects is rooted in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) framework, which outlines the core content areas for standardized testing. According to the NAEP data from 2025, ELA and Mathematics consistently rank as the most tested subjects, with Science and Social Studies following closely. This is due to the emphasis on literacy and numeracy skills, which are foundational for all other academic subjects.

ELA is crucial as it assesses reading comprehension, writing skills, and knowledge of literary elements. The NAEP report indicates that in 2025, 31% of fourth-grade students and 34% of eighth-grade students scored at or above the proficient level in ELA. Mathematics is equally important, with 34% of fourth-grade students and 33% of eighth-grade students scoring at or above proficient. Science and Social Studies are also vital, with 27% and 23% of fourth-grade students, respectively, scoring at or above proficient in Science, and 23% and 22% of eighth-grade students in Social Studies.

The focus on these subjects is further supported by the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), which were adopted by most states to ensure consistency in what students are expected to learn. The CCSS emphasize the importance of these subjects in preparing students for college and career readiness. Therefore, the inclusion of ELA, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies in the 2026 Mid-Year Exam reflects the nation's educational priorities and the need to assess students' mastery of essential skills.