The square shape of Chinese characters is primarily due to their historical development and the need for efficient writing on various surfaces. Chinese characters, known as "hanzi," have evolved over thousands of years, with their shapes being influenced by the materials and tools used for writing. The square shape allows for compactness and ease of arrangement on scrolls, paper, and other surfaces.

Historically, Chinese characters were often written on bamboo strips or silk, which required a compact and uniform shape to ensure that the characters could be easily stacked and stored. The square shape facilitated this, as it allowed characters to be evenly spaced and organized in a grid-like pattern. Additionally, the square shape made it easier to write characters with a brush, as the brush strokes could be executed in a consistent and controlled manner.

According to a study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the square shape of Chinese characters also has practical advantages in terms of readability and memorization. The uniformity of the shape helps in recognizing and recalling characters, as the visual structure remains consistent across different characters. This consistency is crucial in a writing system with tens of thousands of characters, as it aids in the learning and retention process.

Furthermore, the square shape of Chinese characters is a reflection of the cultural and philosophical values of Chinese society. The Chinese have a long-standing tradition of harmony and balance, and the square shape embodies these principles. It represents the concept of wholeness and unity, as the four sides of the square are equal and interconnected. This symbolism is deeply ingrained in Chinese culture and is evident in various aspects of life, including architecture, art, and design.

In conclusion, the square shape of Chinese characters is a result of historical, practical, and cultural factors. It has been shaped by the need for efficient writing on various surfaces, the practical advantages of readability and memorization, and the cultural values of harmony and balance. The square shape of Chinese characters is not only a unique feature of the writing system but also a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of China.