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Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is not suitable for improving soil pH due to its extreme alkalinity and potential for soil and environmental damage.

Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic chemical that can drastically alter soil pH levels. While it is true that raising soil pH can be beneficial for certain plants, the use of sodium hydroxide is not recommended for several reasons. Firstly, sodium hydroxide is highly corrosive and can damage soil structure, leading to compaction and reduced water infiltration. This can negatively impact plant growth and reduce soil fertility. Secondly, the extreme alkalinity of sodium hydroxide can harm beneficial soil microorganisms, which play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and soil health. Additionally, the use of sodium hydroxide can lead to increased salinity in the soil, further compromising plant growth and soil quality.

Research conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has shown that the application of sodium hydroxide to soil can result in significant soil pH changes, often exceeding the optimal range for most plant species. For example, a study published in the Journal of Environmental Quality found that a single application of sodium hydroxide to soil can raise pH levels by as much as 2.5 units, which is far beyond the recommended range for most plants. This extreme pH shift can lead to nutrient imbalances and toxicity, as well as increased soil erosion and runoff.

Furthermore, the use of sodium hydroxide can have long-term negative effects on soil health. A study published in the Soil Science Society of America Journal reported that the application of sodium hydroxide to soil can lead to a reduction in soil organic matter and a decrease in microbial activity. This can result in a less fertile and less resilient soil, which is detrimental to sustainable agriculture practices.

In conclusion, while raising soil pH can be beneficial for certain plants, the use of sodium hydroxide is not a recommended approach. Its extreme alkalinity, potential for soil damage, and negative impact on soil microorganisms make it an unsuitable option for soil pH adjustment. Alternative methods, such as the use of lime or dolomitic lime, are more appropriate for safely and effectively improving soil pH without causing harm to the soil and its inhabitants.