In the debate between Lignum Vitae and Ebony, the superior choice often hinges on the intended application. Lignum Vitae, known as "Ironwood," is denser and harder than Ebony, making it more durable and suitable for high-stress environments. Ebony, while also dense and hard, is slightly less dense than Lignum Vitae and may be more prone to cracking over time.

Lignum Vitae boasts a density of 1,100 kg/m³, which is approximately 20% higher than Ebony's density of 900 kg/m³. This higher density contributes to its exceptional durability and resistance to wear, making it ideal for use in heavy-duty applications such as bearings, gears, and axles. Additionally, Lignum Vitae has a Janka hardness rating of 5,000 lbf, which is significantly higher than Ebony's rating of 3,200 lbf. This hardness makes Lignum Vitae less susceptible to scratches and dents, further enhancing its longevity.

The higher density and hardness of Lignum Vitae also make it more challenging to work with. It is more difficult to saw, drill, and sand, which can increase the cost and time required for manufacturing. However, the superior durability and performance of Lignum Vitae often outweigh these challenges in many applications.

In terms of appearance, both woods are dark and have a rich grain, but Ebony typically has a more uniform color and grain pattern. Lignum Vitae can have a more varied grain pattern, which can be appealing for certain aesthetic applications. However, the choice between the two should not be solely based on appearance, as the functional properties are more critical in many cases.

Data from the Wood Database supports these claims. The Janka hardness ratings and densities provided are consistent with the general consensus among woodworkers and engineers. While Ebony is a fine choice for high-quality furniture and musical instruments due to its aesthetic appeal and workability, Lignum Vitae is often the preferred option for applications requiring exceptional durability and wear resistance.