In terms of hardness, oak is generally harder than pine. This is due to the differences in their wood composition and cellular structure. Oak wood contains a higher proportion of dense, interlocked grain patterns, which contribute to its greater hardness and durability. According to the Janka hardness scale, a common measure of wood hardness, oak typically ranges from 1,290 to 1,360 pounds per square inch (psi), while pine generally falls between 380 and 540 psi. This significant difference in hardness makes oak more resistant to wear and tear, making it a preferred choice for furniture, flooring, and construction applications.