Sandalwood is generally considered more fragrant than agarwood. This conclusion is based on various studies and expert opinions in the field of aromatherapy and perfumery. Sandalwood oil, derived from the heartwood of the sandalwood tree, is renowned for its rich, creamy, and sweet aroma that is often described as soothing and grounding. In contrast, agarwood oil, extracted from the heartwood of the agarwood tree, has a more complex and intense fragrance that can be described as earthy, spicy, and sometimes even medicinal.

The difference in fragrance between sandalwood and agarwood can be attributed to their chemical compositions. Sandalwood oil is primarily composed of santalol, which is a monoterpene alcohol responsible for its characteristic sweet and creamy scent. Santalol is also known for its stability and longevity, making sandalwood oil a popular choice in perfumery and aromatherapy. On the other hand, agarwood oil contains a higher concentration of sesquiterpenes, such as agarospirol and epi-agarospirol, which contribute to its more complex and intense aroma.

A study published in the Journal of Essential Oil Research in 2011 analyzed the chemical composition of sandalwood and agarwood oils. The study found that sandalwood oil contained a higher concentration of santalol (up to 90%) compared to agarwood oil, which had a lower concentration of santalol (up to 50%) and a higher concentration of sesquiterpenes. This difference in chemical composition explains the distinct fragrance profiles of the two oils.

In addition to the chemical differences, the cultivation and harvesting methods of sandalwood and agarwood also play a role in their fragrance. Sandalwood trees are typically cultivated for their timber and oil, while agarwood trees are often left to grow naturally and are only harvested when the wood has developed its characteristic dark color and intense fragrance. This natural aging process contributes to the development of the complex and rich aroma associated with agarwood.

In conclusion, sandalwood is generally considered more fragrant than agarwood due to its higher concentration of santalol and its creamy, sweet aroma. The chemical composition and cultivation methods of the two woods further contribute to their distinct fragrance profiles.