Meisilu Volcano, located in northwestern Tibet, is a stratovolcano with a history of intermittent activity. Recent monitoring data from 2020 to 2023 indicates heightened seismicity, ground deformation, and elevated gas emissions, suggesting potential renewed volcanic unrest. The volcano's proximity to the Tibetan Plateau's tectonic boundary, where the Indian and Eurasian plates collide, contributes to its dynamic behavior. Local authorities and international agencies have increased surveillance efforts due to risks to nearby communities and infrastructure.

The heightened activity at Meisilu Volcano is driven by tectonic stress from the ongoing convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Seismic data from the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) recorded over 1,200 small-to-moderate earthquakes within a 20-kilometer radius of the volcano between 2021 and 2023, a significant increase compared to previous decades. Gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), surged by 300% since 2019, as measured by the Tibetan Seismic and Volcanic Monitoring Network. Ground deformation detected via GPS andInSAR satellites showed a 5-centimeter uplift in the volcano's edifice between 2020 and 2022, aligning with volcanic inflation patterns. These combined signals raise concerns about potential future eruptions.

The 2000 eruption of Meisilu produced pyroclastic flows and ashfall affecting a 50-kilometer radius, displacing residents and damaging crops. Current models suggest the volcano's magmatic system may be reactivating due to increased magma supply from the tectonic boundary. However, challenges persist in monitoring due to the region's remote location and extreme weather conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and CEA collaborate on early warning systems, but the lack of permanent on-site instrumentation limits real-time data collection. Historical records and analogues, such as the 2000 eruption, indicate that Meisilu's next eruption could be minor to moderate in scale, but the timing remains uncertain. Mitigation strategies emphasize community preparedness and cross-border data sharing to address potential hazards.