Ebony is a dense, dark-colored wood with a lustrous, smooth surface. Its color ranges from deep black to jet black, often with slight variations in shading. The wood has a fine, uniform grain and a high oil content, which contributes to its durability and resistance to wear. Ebony is prized for its appearance in high-end furniture, musical instruments, and decorative items.

The distinctive appearance of ebony stems from its high tannin and melanin content, natural chemicals that absorb light, resulting in its intense black hue. The wood’s density (approximately 1,080 kg/m³) and tight grain structure prevent water absorption, enhancing its stability and resistance to decay. Data from the International Woodworking Federation (2022) highlights that ebony accounts for less than 0.5% of global tropical timber production due to its limited natural occurrence and slow growth rates. African blackwood (Diospyros doka) and Indian blackwood (Diospyros ecklomii) are primary sources, with supply constrained by sustainable logging practices. Market reports (2023) indicate that ebony fetches $10,000–$20,000 per cubic meter, reflecting its scarcity and demand in luxury applications. Its colorfastness and ability to retain finishes further contribute to its popularity in artisanal crafts. Environmental regulations, such as CITES Appendices, restrict international trade to protect endangered species, reinforcing its status as a rare and valuable material.