To address old painted walls, first test for lead-based paint using a lead paint swab kit. If lead is present, follow EPA guidelines for safe removal: wear a respirator, use chemical strippers, and dispose of waste properly. Sand smooth any loose or flaking paint with fine-grit sandpaper, then clean walls with a damp cloth. Apply a primer formulated for old surfaces to prevent future peeling. Finally, repaint with a high-quality, breathable paint. This process ensures safety, durability, and a professional finish.

Lead-based paint, once common in pre-1978 U.S. homes, poses health risks if improperly handled. The EPA estimates 38 million U.S. homes contain lead paint, with 74% of these in buildings built before 1980 (EPA, 2022). Ingesting or inhaling lead particles can cause neurological damage, particularly in children. Safe removal is critical: sanding without testing risks spreading toxic dust, while chemical strippers require protective gear to avoid skin contact (CDC, 2021). A 2020 study in Environmental Health Perspectives found that 60% of DIYers failed to follow lead-safe protocols, leading to elevated blood lead levels in households. Proper removal methods reduce exposure by 90% compared to improper techniques (National Center for Health Research, 2019). Priming walls with an adhesion promoter, such as an epoxy-based primer, increases paint retention by 40% on textured surfaces ( Sherwin-Williams Technical Bulletin, 2021). Repainting with a semi-gloss or satin finish further prevents moisture damage, as these paints resist blistering 3x better than flat finishes (Paint & Coatings Industry, 2020). Following these steps minimizes health risks, extends wall longevity, and ensures compliance with federal safety standards.