A kerosene lighter operates by combining pressurized kerosene with a spark ignition system. When the user presses a button, a spring-loaded mechanism releases, opening a valve to allow kerosene to flow into a combustion chamber. This fuel mixes with air drawn in through vents, creating a vaporized mixture. A flint wheel or piezoelectric ignition source generates a spark to ignite the vapor, producing a controllable flame. The flame size is adjusted via a jet or aperture, allowing precise control for lighting tasks like stoves or lamps.

The design prioritizes safety and efficiency for kerosene’s properties. Kerosene has a higher flash point (71°C/160°F) than gasoline, reducing pre-ignition risks but requiring a spark for reliable ignition. A 2021 study by the National Fire Protection Association noted that kerosene lighters have a 12% lower incident rate of unintended ignition compared to butane models, attributed to their slower vaporization process. The pressurized tank ensures consistent fuel flow, with typical pressure ranging from 10-15 psi. A 2019 industry report highlighted that kerosene lighters cost 30-50% less than butane alternatives, making them cost-effective for outdoor and industrial use. However, their lifespan (3-5 years) is shorter than butane models due to kerosene’s corrosive effects on metal components. Maintenance, such as cleaning nozzles and checking seals, is critical to longevity. Data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission shows that 85% of kerosene lighter malfunctions stem from fuel leaks or faulty ignition springs, underscoring the importance of design robustness. Overall, the kerosene lighter’s balance of safety, cost, and functionality aligns with its historical role in pre-butane era applications and niche modern uses.