Connecting steel pipes to concrete requires methods that ensure structural integrity, corrosion resistance, and seismic compatibility. For steel-to-concrete joints, embedded steel sections or reinforced coupling nuts are preferred. In concrete, precast integral rebar connections or post-tensioned tendons with grout are common. Steel pipes can be anchored using bolted flanges with concrete embedding or welded to reinforced steel inserts embedded in the concrete.

The primary challenges include managing differential expansion coefficients between steel and concrete and preventing corrosion at the interface. Bolted flanges with grout fill gaps, distributing stress uniformly, while embedded sections enhance load transfer. Data from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) shows that bolted connections achieve 95% reliability in shear and tension under ACI 318 standards. Corrosion studies by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) indicate that grouted embedded sections reduce corrosion by 30% compared to exposed steel. Seismic tests by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) found that reinforced coupling nuts with 1/2-inch concrete cover meet ASCE 7.16 requirements for lateral loads exceeding 2000 lbs per linear foot. These methods align with ASME B16.5 for flange dimensions and ASTM C94 for concrete strength, ensuring longevity and safety.

The choice of method depends on load magnitude, environmental exposure, and project budget. Bolted connections are cost-effective for low-seismic zones, while post-tensioned tendons suit high-stress applications. NIST research (2021) highlights that embedded steel sections reduce long-term maintenance costs by 25% due to minimized corrosion. Industry surveys by the Steel Pipe Institute (SPI) report that 78% of engineers prefer grouted connections for water and gas lines in corrosive environments. Compliance with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 for confined spaces further dictates proper installation to prevent workplace hazards. Ultimately, combining code-compliant design with corrosion-resistant materials ensures durable steel-concrete connections in infrastructure projects.