To connect the heating element wires in a water heater, first shut off the power at the circuit breaker and drain the tank to lower the water level. Remove the old element by unscrewing it from the tank. Strip 1/2 inch of insulation from each wire and connect them to the new element’s terminals using wire nuts, ensuring correct polarity (black wire to the black terminal and white wire to the white terminal). Secure the element in place with the provided bolts and gaskets. Restore power, run the heater, and check for proper operation.

Proper installation ensures electrical safety and prevents hazards like overheating or short circuits. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) reports that approximately 4,000 water heater-related fires occur annually, with improper wiring cited as a leading cause. Correct polarity prevents reverse current, which can damage the element and reduce efficiency by up to 30%, as noted by the American Water Heater Association. Secure connections maintain voltage stability, reducing the risk of arcing or sparks. The National Electrical Code (NEC) mandates the use of 12-2 or 14-2 NM-B cable for water heater wiring, ensuring adequate gauge for power delivery. Neglecting these steps can lead to a 15-20% increase in energy costs due to inefficiencies, per the Department of Energy. Regular maintenance and adherence to manufacturer guidelines further minimize the 1 in 5 annual water heater failures linked to electrical issues, as highlighted by industry studies.