To determine the orientation of a housing structure, use a compass to identify the cardinal direction it faces. South-facing homes typically receive the most direct sunlight, maximizing natural light and reducing heating costs. Tools like Google Earth’s 3D viewer or smartphone apps (e.g., SunAngle) can visualize sunlight exposure. Additionally, observing the time of day when windows receive the most sunlight helps infer orientation. South or southwest exposure is generally optimal for energy efficiency in temperate climates.

The orientation of housing significantly impacts energy consumption and comfort. South-facing homes in the Northern Hemisphere benefit from prolonged sunlight in winter, reducing reliance on artificial heating. A 2020 study by the U.S. Department of Energy found that properly oriented homes can lower heating and cooling costs by up to 30%. For example, south-facing windows in a study home in Minnesota reduced winter heating demands by 25% compared to north-facing units. Conversely, east-facing homes gain morning sunlight, ideal for passive heating, while west-facing ones may experience intense afternoon heat, increasing cooling needs. Data from the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that 60% of residential energy savings in Europe are linked to strategic building orientation. Proper orientation also enhances natural ventilation, reducing humidity and improving air quality. In a 2018 study by the University of California, Davis, correctly oriented homes reported 15% lower humidity levels, mitigating mold risks. Thus, aligning housing with cardinal directions optimizes energy efficiency, comfort, and long-term cost savings.