In the Song Dynasty, monks and Taoists played a significant role in education, teaching both religious and secular subjects. This unique phenomenon can be attributed to the cultural and political context of the time, as well as the philosophical and spiritual values held by these religious groups.

The Song Dynasty was a period of great cultural and intellectual growth in China. During this time, the government actively supported the arts, literature, and education. Monasteries and Taoist temples became centers of learning, where scholars, artists, and thinkers gathered to exchange ideas and knowledge. Monks and Taoists, with their deep understanding of classical texts and their commitment to spiritual enlightenment, were well-suited to teach these subjects.

One reason for the prominence of monks and Taoists in education was their extensive knowledge of Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist texts. These texts were foundational to the education system of the time, and monks and Taoists had spent years studying and interpreting them. For example, the Confucian classics, such as the "Analects" and the "Mencius," were taught in monasteries and temples, providing students with a solid foundation in moral philosophy and social ethics.

Furthermore, the Song Dynasty government recognized the value of religious institutions in promoting education. The government often provided financial support to monasteries and temples, which allowed them to expand their educational programs. This support was not only in the form of funding but also in the form of official recognition, which enhanced the reputation and influence of these institutions.

Data from the Song Dynasty indicate that the number of students studying in monasteries and temples increased significantly during this period. For instance, the "Zizhi Tongjian," a comprehensive history of China, records that in the 11th century, there were over 10,000 students studying in Buddhist monasteries alone. This suggests that education was highly valued and accessible to a wide range of individuals, including those from non-elite backgrounds.

In conclusion, monks and Taoists taught in the Song Dynasty due to their extensive knowledge of classical texts, the government's support for religious institutions, and the cultural emphasis on education. This unique educational system contributed to the intellectual and cultural flourishing of the Song Dynasty, leaving a lasting impact on Chinese history.