Subject scores in the United States are typically used for students in grades 3-12. This range encompasses the foundational years of education through the completion of high school. The primary grades (3-5) focus on mastering basic skills in reading, writing, and mathematics. Middle school (6-8) builds upon these skills and introduces more complex concepts. High school (9-12) prepares students for college and careers, offering a variety of advanced courses in subjects like mathematics, science, and language arts.

The use of subject scores across these grade levels is crucial for monitoring student progress and ensuring they meet academic standards. According to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), which is the largest nationally representative and continuing assessment of what America's students know and can do in various subjects, the majority of students in grades 4 and 8 are assessed in mathematics, reading, and science. High school students are also assessed in these subjects, as well as in writing and other areas like history and geography.

Data from the NAEP indicates that subject scores are particularly important for identifying areas where students may be struggling. For instance, in 2022, the average scores for 8th-grade students in mathematics were lower than in previous years, suggesting a need for targeted interventions. Similarly, the scores for 12th-grade students in reading and writing have shown fluctuations over time, highlighting the ongoing challenge of ensuring all students are college and career ready.

The use of subject scores across these grade levels is also essential for accountability and policy-making. States and districts use these scores to evaluate the effectiveness of their educational programs and to make informed decisions about resource allocation. For example, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires states to use a variety of indicators, including subject scores, to measure school and district performance.

In conclusion, subject scores are used for students in grades 3-12 in the United States, covering a broad range of academic areas. These scores are vital for monitoring student progress, identifying areas of need, and informing educational policy. The NAEP and ESSA provide frameworks for using these scores effectively to improve education outcomes.