The new high school entrance exam reform in the United States focuses on several key areas, including a shift towards more comprehensive and skills-based assessments, increased emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving, and a reduction in reliance on standardized testing. This reform aims to better prepare students for the challenges of higher education and the workforce by promoting a more holistic approach to evaluating their abilities.

The reasons behind this reform are multifaceted. Firstly, the current system of high school entrance exams has been criticized for being overly focused on rote memorization and standardized test-taking skills, rather than on the development of critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. According to a report by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), only 40% of high school graduates are prepared for college-level coursework (NCES, 2020). This indicates a significant gap in the current system's ability to assess and prepare students for the demands of higher education.

Secondly, the reform is driven by the need to adapt to the changing nature of the workforce. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects that by 2030, 65% of all jobs will require some form of postsecondary education or training (BLS, 2021). This shift necessitates a more dynamic and flexible assessment system that can evaluate a broader range of skills and competencies.

The new high school entrance exam reform includes several key changes:

1. Skills-Based Assessments: The reform emphasizes the inclusion of skills-based assessments that measure students' ability to apply knowledge in real-world contexts. This includes project-based assessments, portfolios, and performance-based evaluations.

2. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving: The reform places a greater emphasis on evaluating students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This is achieved through the inclusion of essay questions, case studies, and other tasks that require students to analyze complex information and propose solutions.

3. Reduction in Standardized Testing: While standardized testing will still play a role, the reform aims to reduce its prominence. This is in line with the findings of a study by the Center for Public Education, which found that excessive standardized testing can lead to a narrowing of the curriculum and a focus on test preparation at the expense of other important subjects (Center for Public Education, 2019).

4. Diverse Assessment Methods: The reform encourages the use of a variety of assessment methods, including oral presentations, group projects, and self-assessments, to provide a more comprehensive picture of a student's abilities.

In conclusion, the new high school entrance exam reform in the United States is a response to the need for a more comprehensive and skills-based approach to evaluating student readiness for higher education and the workforce. By focusing on critical thinking, problem-solving, and a diverse range of assessment methods, the reform aims to better prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century.