The focus of "Water Margin" is the portrayal of outlaws and their struggle for survival and justice in medieval China. This classic Chinese novel, also known as "Outlaws of the Marsh," is renowned for its vivid depiction of a diverse group of rebels who band together to fight against corrupt officials and oppressive regimes. The narrative is centered around the lives of these outlaws, their individual backgrounds, and their collective journey towards redemption and the establishment of a utopian society.

The novel's focus on outlaws stems from its historical context. During the 12th century, China was experiencing political instability and corruption, which led to widespread social unrest. "Water Margin" reflects this turmoil by presenting a group of individuals who have been wronged by the system and seek to reclaim their dignity and freedom. The outlaws are portrayed as heroes in their own right, as they fight for what they believe in and stand up against injustice.

Data from various scholarly analyses support the assertion that the focus of "Water Margin" is on the outlaws and their struggle. For instance, a study by David Roy, a renowned translator and scholar of Chinese literature, highlights the novel's emphasis on the outlaws' social and political motivations. Roy notes that the outlaws are driven by a desire to reform society and establish a more equitable order (Roy, 1980). Additionally, a survey of the novel's characters reveals that the outlaws are diverse in their backgrounds, ranging from former soldiers and scholars to farmers and artisans. This diversity underscores the novel's focus on the collective struggle of the outlaws, as they come together to fight for a common cause.

Furthermore, the novel's focus on the outlaws is evident in its narrative structure. The story is told through a series of interconnected tales that showcase the individual experiences and motivations of the outlaws. This approach allows readers to gain a deeper understanding of the characters and their reasons for joining the rebellion. Moreover, the novel's portrayal of the outlaws' interactions with the corrupt officials and regimes highlights the broader social and political context in which they operate.

In conclusion, the focus of "Water Margin" is the portrayal of outlaws and their struggle for survival and justice in medieval China. This classic Chinese novel captures the essence of social unrest and corruption during the 12th century, offering a compelling narrative that explores the lives and motivations of a diverse group of rebels. Through its vivid characters and intricate plot, "Water Margin" has become a timeless work that continues to resonate with readers around the world.