The knowledge from "Water Margin" that should be examined in middle school tests includes historical context, character analysis, and moral lessons. This classic Chinese novel, also known as "Outlaws of the Marsh," is rich in historical details, complex characters, and profound moral teachings that are valuable for middle school students to understand.

In middle school education, examining the historical context of "Water Margin" is crucial. The novel is set during the Song Dynasty and provides insights into the political and social conditions of the time. By studying the historical background, students can gain a deeper understanding of the historical period and its impact on the characters and events in the novel. This knowledge can be linked to broader historical studies and help students develop critical thinking skills.

Character analysis is another essential aspect of "Water Margin" that should be examined in middle school tests. The novel features a diverse cast of characters, each with unique personalities, motivations, and moral compasses. By analyzing these characters, students can learn about different perspectives and values. For instance, the protagonist,宋江 (Song Jiang), embodies the concept of loyalty and leadership, while other characters like 李逵 (Li Kui) and 吴用 (Wu Yong) showcase bravery and intelligence. This analysis can enhance students' ability to discern between right and wrong and appreciate the complexities of human nature.

Furthermore, the moral lessons in "Water Margin" are profound and timeless. The novel explores themes such as loyalty, justice, and the struggle between good and evil. By examining these themes, students can develop a stronger moral compass and learn to make ethical decisions. For example, the story of the 108 heroes who band together to fight against injustice serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of unity and standing up for what is right.

Data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in the United States indicates that students who are exposed to a diverse range of literary works, including historical novels like "Water Margin," tend to perform better on reading and writing assessments. According to the NAEP, students who read a variety of genres and styles demonstrate higher levels of comprehension and critical thinking skills. Therefore, incorporating "Water Margin" into middle school curricula can contribute to improved academic performance and a well-rounded education.

In conclusion, the knowledge from "Water Margin" that should be examined in middle school tests includes historical context, character analysis, and moral lessons. These elements are not only valuable for understanding the novel itself but also for fostering critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and a broader historical awareness among students.